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Data M01 The Market · Agency Benchmarks

The big-city agency, by the numbers.

The GPS operating profile for agencies in large metros (population 500K–2M+) — professionally managed, commercial-heavy, with the highest revenue per person of any geographic segment and the thinnest margin to match.

This brief captures the 2025 GPS profile for the large-metro segment — agencies operating in the most competitive, highest-cost markets in the country. The signature is a professional-management cost structure: the lowest owner-compensation share of any segment and the highest producer pay. Each figure is a segment benchmark; the companion GPS segment reference compares the geographic and specialization cuts.

§ 01 · ProfitabilityProfitability & cost structure.

The lowest margin of any segment at 8.73% pre-tax — metro cost bases (occupancy, talent) are higher, and the competitive producer market pushes sales compensation to 23.40%, well above owner pay at 11.99%.

MetricBenchmark
Pre-tax profit margin8.73%
Total expense ratio91.27%
Total compensation (% of revenue)67.52%
Sales (producer) compensation23.40%
Office (service) compensation23.49%
Executive / owner compensation11.99%
Total administrative expenses23.76%

§ 02 · Revenue mixRevenue mix.

Commercial-led at 52.31%, with the lowest personal-lines share among geographic segments (20.90%) and a notable 12.82% health component — the larger-employer base of a metro market.

Line% of revenue
Commercial lines52.31%
Personal lines20.90%
Life2.67%
Health12.82%
Contingent / bonus8.68%
Fees0.99%
Other2.17%
Figure 2.1 — Mix chart GPS Study 2025 · big-city segment

Revenue mix, at a glance.

Commercial-led with a deep health component. Bar widths are exact percentages of revenue.

Commercial lines Personal lines Life & health Contingent / bonus Fees / other
Reads left to right. The 13% health share is the highest of the geographic segments.

§ 03 · Growth & retentionGrowth & retention.

Solid 11% growth, with retention strong in commercial and life & health but softer in personal lines (85%) — the churn cost of a competitive metro PL market.

MetricBenchmark
Annual revenue growth11%
Commercial-lines retention89%
Personal-lines retention85%
Life & health retention90%

§ 04 · ProductivityProductivity per person.

The highest revenue per person of any geographic segment ($180,808), across a large 16.9-person team with 3.6 producers — the scale a metro book requires.

MetricBenchmark
Revenue per employee$180,808
Commission per employee$159,396
Compensation per producer$200,323
CL commission per account$1,867
Total staff (average)16.9
Producers (average)3.6

§ 05 · Balance sheetBalance-sheet & book quality.

Mid-range ratios with efficient 16.5-day collections — the cash discipline of a professionally-managed operation.

MetricBenchmark
Trust position ratio3.11
Collection ratio0.51
Current ratio2.09
Days working capital69.4
Average age of receivables16.5 days
Key characteristics of this segment
  • Professional-management cost structure. Lowest owner-comp share (11.99%), highest producer pay (23.40%).
  • Commercial-heavy, health-rich. 52.31% CL and a segment-high 12.82% health share.
  • Highest productivity. $180,808 revenue per person — the metro scale dividend.
  • Largest valuable accounts. $1,867 CL commission per account.
  • Thinnest margin. 8.73% pre-tax — higher metro cost base.
  • Competitive PL churn. 85% personal-lines retention, the softest line.
What it means for M&A

Scale and accounts — at a metro cost base.

GPS benchmarks don't value an agency — they're the operating baseline a valuation is built on. A big-city book reads as scaled and professionally managed: large commercial accounts, deep producer bench, low key-person risk. The watch-items a buyer underwrites are the thin 8.73% reported margin (which a normalized view often improves, since owner comp is already low) and the competitive PL retention. The metrics that move the multiple are commercial-account quality, producer retention, and the durability of the health book.

The companion financial & transactional mechanics reference covers how operating benchmarks translate into a normalized earnings bridge.

Methodology notes

What GPS measures. The Growth & Performance Standards study tracks growth, profitability, and stability across reporting independent agencies, segmented here by metro size.

Percentages of revenue. Expense, compensation, and revenue-mix lines are percentages of total agency revenue unless a dollar figure is shown.

Benchmarks, not averages-of-extremes. Each figure is the segment's reported standard — the typical agency, not a blend of outliers.

Frequency. The GPS study publishes annually. Milly Books refreshes this brief with each edition.

Compare across segments

The five GPS segments.

Open the segment reference →

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